The Elder Futhark
The Elder Futhark is the oldest of the runic alphabets, created perhaps as early as first century BCE (the Svingerud stone is much older than that). It was used by Germanic tribes to write proto-Norse and early Germanic dialects, often to identify a craftsman, record a personal name, mark ownership on portable items, &c. Around 4th century it was used on runestones to commemorate the deceased.
Completed:
Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raidho, Kenaz, Gebo, Wunjo
Hagalaz
The Runes
| ᚠ fehu |
ᚢ ūruz |
ᚦ þurisaz |
ᚨ ansuz |
ᚱ raidō |
ᚲ kaunan |
ᚷ gebō |
ᚹ wunjō |
| ᚺ haglaz |
ᚾ nauðiz |
ᛁ īsan |
ᛃ jēran |
ᛈ perþō |
ᛇ īwaz |
ᛉ algiz |
ᛋ sōwilō |
| ᛏ Tīwaz |
ᛒ berkanan |
ᛖ ehwaz |
ᛗ mannaz |
ᛚ laguz |
ᛜ Ingwaz |
ᛞ dagaz |
ᛟ ōþilan |